Which European country did Brazil break away from during its independence?

Brazil gained its independence from Portugal in 1822. This significant event was marked by a series of political changes that ultimately led to Brazil's separation from its colonial ruler. The decision for independence arose amidst growing discontent over the colonial administration, particularly as a result of Portugal's shifting focus during the Napoleonic Wars. When the Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil in 1808, it initiated a transformation in the colony, setting the stage for a desire for autonomy.

In 1822, Prince Dom Pedro, who was left in charge of Brazil, declared its independence from Portugal, leading to the establishment of the Brazilian Empire. This historical context establishes why Portugal is the correct answer; it is the direct colonial power from which Brazil sought to liberate itself, ultimately leading to its formation as a sovereign nation.